Pierre shale.

Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced. In addition to kerogen, general composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic substance and bitumens.Based on their deposition environment, oil shales are classified as marine, …22-Jul-2015 ... The Pierre Shale is a dark gray clayey to silty mudstone that is exposed in large parts of the Northern Great Plains (Gill and Cobban 1966). It ...The Pierre Shale is a fossiliferous, dark grey shale and claystone with interbeds of siltstones and sandstones, and occasional carbonate lenses ('teepee buttes') associated with cold seeps. It is exposed over most of the Great Plains of North America and consequently has numerous local members.The Pierre Shale, one of the earliest described lithologic units of the Western Interior, was deposited during the late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian stages) and is primarily a sequence of organic-rich black and grey shales and interbedded bentonites, most of which formed under relatively anoxic marine conditions (Crandell, 1952, Gill ...

Plesiosauroidea (/ ˈ p l iː s i ə s ɔːr /; Greek: πλησιος plēsios 'near, close to' and σαυρος sauros 'lizard') is an extinct clade of carnivorous marine reptiles.They have the snake-like longest neck to body ratio of any reptile. Plesiosauroids are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.After their discovery, some plesiosauroids were said to have …

On the other hand, Cerasi et al. conducted a series of uniaxial creep experiments on Pierre shale saturated with HCl acid to simulate the low pH environment upon injecting CO 2. Their study revealed that the creep rate increased upon exposure of the shale specimens to the acidic environment (Cerasi et al. 2017).

shale is about 1.91 MPa {20 tsf). The water content of the unweathered . shal~ averages 16 percent with a dry density of 2.22 Mg/m {139 pcf). The Pierre Shale is reportedly 2,440 to 3,660 m {8,000 to 12,000 ft) thick and is interbedded with sandstones. GroundwaterCarpenter, K. (2008). Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Smoky Hill Chalk (Niobrara Formation) and the Sharon Springs Member (Pierre Shale). In High-Resolution Approaches in Stratigraphic Paleontology (pp. 421-437). Springer Netherlands. Eaton, G. F. (1910). Osteology of Pteranodon. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Memoirs.Permittivity data were acquired using a coaxial termination probe and a network analyzer (0.02-1.30 GHz). It is shown that Pierre shale displays high complex permittivity values relative to ...A suite of siltstone samples from the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale from the contact zone of a 130-cm thick igneous dike near Wolcott, Colorado, U.S.A., was taken from the contact to 170 cm from the dike to study the effects of temperature on the organic matter. The sampled bedding interval was about 10 cm thick, so variation in lithology and ...Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Donate

FIGURE 24. Hoploscaphites macer, microconchs. A-D. YPM 35657, YPM loc. A4745, Baculites baculus or B. grandis Zone, Pierre Shale, Niobrara County, Wyoming. A, Right ...

The Fox Hills conformably overlies the Pierre Shale and conformably and disconformably underlies and interfingers with the Hell Creek Formation; it occurs in about the western two-thirds of the state. The geology of the Fox Hills Formation in North Dakota, and the stratigraphy of which is based on previous surface information and recent ...

The modeling uses the Fourier method to compute the spatial derivatives, and therefore can handle complex geometries and general material-property variability. I verified the results by comparison with the 2D analytical solution obtained for wave propagation in homogeneous Pierre Shale.Pierre Shale--Middle unit. In Boulder-Fort Collins area, contains Richard, Larimer, Rocky Ridge, Terry, and Hygiene Sandstone Members; elsewhere shale between zones of Baculites reesidei and B. scotti. State.PIERRE Clayey shale 29 105 0.2762 PIERRE Sandstone and shale 13 105 0.1238 A rough approximation of MLRA membership has been computed by taking the intersection of all map unit polygons and current MLRA polygons. Membership values are based on intsersecting areas weighted by component percentage divided by total soil …A model for hydrostatic consolidation of Pierre shale. January 1, 1991. This paper presents closed-form solutions for consolidation of transversely isotropic porous media under hydrostatic stress. The solutions are applied to model the time variation of pore pressure, volume strain and strains parallel and normal to bedding, and to obtain ...This ancient sea stretched from the Gulf of Mexico all the way up through what is today the USA and Canada to the Arctic Ocean. When: Late Cretaceous to Earliest Paleocene. North America: Split Into Appalachia and Laramidia. At its largest extent it was 2,500 feet (760 m) deep, 600 miles (970 km) wide, and over 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long ...Fossil specimen of the nautiloid cephalopod Eutrephoceras dekayi from the Cretaceous Pierre Shale of the Black Hills of South Dakota (PRI 44557). Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Maximum diameter of specimen is approximately 6 cm. Model by Emily Hauf. - Cephalopod: …Upper Cretaceous Mowry Shale. Bentonite includes any natural material dominantly com-posed of clay minerals in the smectite group. Swelling bentonite contains a high concentration of sodium ions and will substan-tially increase in volume when it is wetted with water. The bentonite in Wyoming likely originated from intense,

Origin and geology A broken concretion with fossils inside; late Cretaceous Pierre Shale near Ekalaka, Montana. Monument Rocks (Kansas), located 25 miles south of Oakley. By Late-Cretaceous times, Eurasia and the Americas had separated along the south Atlantic, and subduction on the west coast of the Americas had commenced, resulting in the Laramide orogeny, the early phase of growth of the ...a) Carrot River Area SMNH Locality 63E03-0001 Geology and Invertebrate Bioslratigraphy The stratigraphically oldest locality is a 1 to 2 m thick exposure along the Carrot River. It is made up of soft, carbonaceous dark shale characteristic of the Belle Fourche Member of the Ashville Formation (McNeil and Caldwell, 1981).The Pierre shale contains many bentonite layers, particularly in the Sharon Springs unit which occurs widely from the Dakotas to Kansas (Gill et al., 1972). It was early recognized …Niobrara Chalk was weathered and opalized in the Valentine phase of the Ogallala Formation. The Niobrara Formation / ˌnaɪ.əˈbrærə /, also called the Niobrara Chalk, is a geologic formation in North America that was deposited between 87 and 82 million years ago during the Coniacian, Santonian, and Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous.Abstract. The Pierre Shale consists of interbedded marine shale and sandstone representing nearly continuous marine sedimentation during Late Cretaceous time. The Pierre Shale and time-equivalent marine units in the western interior United States contain 28 ammonite range zones. The ammonites show such rapid evolution and such wide geographic ...Water saturation, organic matter content, and fractures are important factors influencing the physical properties of shale. In this study, shale samples were subjected to heating at 1 °C/min and then gradual cooling. An initial suite of tests was conducted at temperatures of 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C. The P-wave and S-wave velocities were measured, rock mechanics ...

Cvancara, Alan M., "Gastropoda from the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of Emmons County, south-central North Dakota" (1957). Theses and Dissertations. 66. https://commons.und.edu/theses/66 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons.Results of a nine-year in situ measurement of fluid pressures and solute concentrations in shale are reported that are consistent with the generation of large (up to 20 MPa) osmotic-pressure anomalies which could persist for tens of millions of years. Osmotic pressures are generated by differences in chemical potential of a solution across a membrane. But whether osmosis can have a significant ...

The Pierre Shale is a marine deposit that accumulated in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway during the onset of Laramide tectonism in the southern Rocky Mountains region. In the eastern part ...The Pierre Shale is a marine deposit that accumulated in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway during the onset of Laramide tectonism in the southern Rocky Mountains region. In the eastern part ...Roads and structures built on Pierre Shale hillsides often slump as the shale becomes wet. The unit produces a variety of marine vertebrate fossils including fish, mosasaurs and plesiosaurs. Kn: Cretaceous, Niobrara Formation, 80-88 million years old The Niobrara Formation is composed predominantly of grey to yellow chalk and chalky shale.Archelon (Dari bahasa Yunani yang berarti pemimpin para penyu), adalah penyu laut prasejarah yang telah lama punah. Archelon merupakan penyu terbesar yang pernah didokumentasikan. Spesimen archelon pertama kali ditemukan di formasi geologis Pierre Shale, Dakota Selatan, Amerika Serikat oleh Dr. G.R. Wieland pada tahun 1895 dan …Data now available suggest a regular relation between permeability and porosity in clays and shales and permeabilities that, even at large scales, are significantly lower than usually assumed. Permeabilities between 10 −23 and 10 −17 m 2 have been obtained at porosities between 0.1 and 0.4 in both laboratory and regional studies. Although ...The Odanah Member of the Pierre Shale in southwestern Manitoba is a porcelanite of Late Cretaceous (Campanian) age that was deposited on the eastern platform area of the Western Interior Seaway. Odanah sediments were derived from erosion of preexisting sediments in the Cordilleran areas to the west, from contemporaneous volcanism, and from ...shale, predominantly the Pierre Shale. Although the permeable Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks extend into the subsurface north of Greeley and into Wyoming, they are little utilized, poorly defined, and are not major aquifers in the part of Colorado north of Greeley. These formations are important water-yielding units

composite sample of 36 shales from Germany is the The second group of samples analyzed for cadmium is basis for most estimates of the abundance of cadmium from the Pierre Shale of South Dakota and parts of (Rankanla and Sahania, 1950, p. 713; Turekian and adjacent States and was selected for more detailed Wedepohl, 1961, p. 184 and table 2).

The Pierre Shale Group is found in eastern South Dakota and western Wyoming in the United States of America. During the Cretaceous period, this area would have been part of the Western Interior Seaway, a marine environment. The Pierre is formed out of shale, sandstone, and bentonite. This group has been host to multiple fossil finds, including ...

Pierre Shale identified in subsurface of eastern Powder River basin in WY in Niobrara, Weston, eastern Campbell, and Crook Cos, and in MT in Powder River and eastern Big Horn Cos. Pierre divided (ascending) into Gammon Ferruginous, Mitten and Red Bird Silty Members, and an unnamed upper part. Pierre overlies Niobrara Formation and underlies Fox ...a) Carrot River Area SMNH Locality 63E03-0001 Geology and Invertebrate Bioslratigraphy The stratigraphically oldest locality is a 1 to 2 m thick exposure along the Carrot River. It is made up of soft, carbonaceous dark shale characteristic of the Belle Fourche Member of the Ashville Formation (McNeil and Caldwell, 1981).Two springs contacting the Pierre Shale have water types similar to this; however, sulfate is the dominant anion for the other two springs. In general, springs contacting the White River Group are shown to have better potential as alternative sources of water supply for the village of Red Shirt than springs contacting the Pierre Shale.Bishop, G.A. & Williams, A.B. (2000) Fossil crabs from Tepee Buttes, submarine seeps of the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale, South Dakota and Colorado, U.S.A. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20 (Special Number, 2), 286-300. Bittner, A. (1875) Die Brachyuren des vicentinischen Tertiargebirges. Denkschriften der mathematisch …15-Nov-2017 ... ... Shale upper confining layer, Upper Pierre aquifer, Pierre Ash, and the Upper Pierre Shale lower confining layer. The text, maps, and cross ...Top. Map showing methane seep in the middle-upper Campanian and Maastrichtian Pierre Shale in South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, and Nebraska. The dark patches represent areas with …Data now available suggest a regular relation between permeability and porosity in clays and shales and permeabilities that, even at large scales, are significantly lower than usually assumed. Permeabilities between 10 −23 and 10 −17 m 2 have been obtained at porosities between 0.1 and 0.4 in both laboratory and regional studies. Although ...overlies the Pierre Shale throughout the basin and was depos-ited along an eastward-prograding shoreline during the fi nal retreat of the Cretaceous Seaway from northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. The Trinidad Sandstone was deposited in shallow marine, shoreface, and deltaic environments (Pill-more and Maberry, 1976; Billingsley, 1977).This is a 10 inch long Baculites compressus fossil from the Pierre Shale of South Dakota. Baculites ("walking stick rock") is an extinct cephalopod genus ...Cephalopod assemblages in the Pierre Shale strongly support a persistent interchange with southern taxa, indicating a sizable Late Maastrichtian corridor to the Gulf of Mexico (13) that lasted ...The Pierre Shale, which is divided into identifiable sedimentary beds called members, also contains abundant fossils of numerous species of ammonites, ancestors of the chambered nautilus. The fossils, when combined with geologic mapping, allow the various exposed sections of the Pierre Shale to be pieced together in their proper relative ...Pierre Shale (WY) Campanian Bearpaw Shale (Upper) (MT) [Campanian] Main Body Formation (CO) Pierre Shale (MT) Pierre Shale (SD) [Campanian] Pierre Shale (WY) [Campanian] Holotype of Baculites eliasi (USNM 108969). Original unmodified images provided by courtesy of the Smithsonian NMNH and adapted and presented here under …

40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of a bentonite associated with a cold methane seep deposit in the upper Campanian Baculites compressus Zone of the Pierre Shale in South Dakota yields an age of 73.79 ± 0.36 Ma. This is in close agreement with the previously published age of 74.05 ± 0.39 Ma for this zone (Obradovich, 1993) and nearly identical to an ...Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History by Stephen Jay Gould. Opens in a new window or tab. by Stephen Jay Gould | Paperback. Pre-Owned. 5.0 out of 5 stars. ... Pierre Shale, SD. Opens in a new window or tab. Pre-Owned. $41.99. educationalbiofacts (804) 100%.Pierre Shale and Niobrara Formation. Raton Formation (Paleocene and upper Cretaceous) at surface, covers 11 % of this area. Distal sandstones, mudstones, and coal beds in eastern Raton Basin. Middle barren zone laterally equivalent to Poison Canyon Formation. K/T boundary discontinuously exposed about 100 m above basal conglomerate in area ...Bricks are made with the two most abundant materials on Earth: clay and shale. These two materials are then put in a furnace, called a kiln, and heated to 2,000°F (approximately 1,100°C). By a chemical process (vitrification), the materials...Instagram:https://instagram. spring hoursku directorychert rocksdog bulbus glandis size The Pierre Shale is a massive formation that underlays many Front Range cities, Denver, and much of the eastern plain of Colorado. This unit was formed by the continued transgression of the interior seaway that flooded eastern Colorado during the Cretaceous period. Shale is formed in deep, calm marine water, and is basically mud and silt turned ...completed in 1881 in the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale in the Florence field, the oldest active oil field in the United States. Depths of production across the basin vary from less than 900 feet (270 meters) from the Pierre Shale in the Florence field to about 10,000 feet (3048 meters) in Lower Cretaceous Muddy (J) Sandstone in the Wattenberg ... ripley west virginia craigslistproject search However, the Pierre Shale of Kansas has several unconformities, including a critical unconformity that removes the Sharon Springs Formation from the stratigraphy in Kansas [1,4], so samples of the lower Pierre Shale Group were also collected from South Dakota and North Dakota. Detailed measured sections of the Niobrara Formation are provided by ...carbonaceous shale, and thin coal beds. In much of the area surrounding Coalmont and to the south, the middle member is in unconformable contact with the underlying Cretaceous Pierre Shale. In outcrops north of Coalmont and in drill holes to the east, Hail (1968) recognized three units in the middle member (fig. SN-5): a map of haiti and cuba Thermal maturity is commonly assessed by various geochemical screening methods (e.g., pyrolysis and organic petrology). In this contribution, we attempt to establish an alternative approach to estimating thermal maturity with Raman spectroscopy, using 24 North American oil shale samples with thermal maturity data generated by vitrinite reflectance (VRo%) and pyrolysis (Tmax)-based maturity ...Pierre Shale of Wyoming and South Dakota with an evaluation of North American enchodontid species: Palaeontographica, v. 152, p. 91-112. Schein, J.P., 2004, The teleost fish Enchodus and the paleoceanography of Upper Cretaceous rock units in Alabama [M.S. thesis]: Auburn, Alabama, Auburn University, 156 p. ...